8th Grade Midterm Study Guide- Fall 2013

8^th Grade Midterm Study Guide 2013

I.                  Writing Skills:

A.    Types of Introductions

1.      Funnel Introductions

a.       Begins broad and leads to thesis statement

b.      Beginning sentences is background information leading into the thesis statement

2.      Pyramid Introductions

a.       Begins with thesis statement

b.      Topic becomes more broad with details and information supporting the thesis

3.      Hourglass Introductions

a.       Background information first

b.      Thesis statement in the middle

c.       More background information leading into the body paragraphs

B.     Sentence Formation For Introductions and the Body Paragraphs:

1.      Thesis Statement

a.       “Road map” of the paper

b.      Disputed and controversial opinionated sentence

c.       Interpretation of questions or subject

d.      Hypothetical statement (sometimes)

e.       You prove throughout your paper

2.      Topic Sentences

a.       “What is this paragraph about?”

b.      Gives information regarding the question above

3.      Clinchers

a.       Sentence at end of paragraph wrapping it up (transition to next paragraph)

4.      Transitions

a.       Sentence that moves out of one subjects and into another but interconnecting the information

b.      Relates information between topics

5.      To Quote versus a Quotation

a.       To quote: “I quote…” (verb, action)

b.      Quotation: popular phrase that is often quoted

C.    MLA Format

1.      Parenthetical Citations

a.       In text

b.      Refers reader to work cited pages for full citations

c.       Book: (Author Year Published)

d.      Website: (Author Year You Accessed The Page)

2.      Work Cited List

Last Name Page Number, Title: Work Cited (12 Point Font, Times New Roman, Centered) Alphabetical by last name. The second and subsequent lines need to be indented in by one tab

3.      Format Throughout The Paper

First Name Last Name Teacher’s Name (if multiple, arrange by last name) Class (if multiple, arrange to correspond with teacher last name) DAY MONTH YEAR (date the paper was last revised) Title. Centered.             Paragraphs begin here. Papers in MLA format must be in size 12 point font, Times New Roman. There are no extra spaces between paragraphs. The entire paper is double spaced, minus the heading. There are one inch margins on all sides of the paper and throughout the paper. The beginning of each paragraph is indented one tab or eight spaces.

Last Name Page Number             Every page throughout your paper has your last name and page number except the first page.

                                                                                                                                            

D.    Plagiarism

1.      “Dumb Plagiarism”

a.       Copy, pasting test from another source

b.      Changing a source (Wikipedia à anything else)

c.       Find a legit source to verify information

d.      Utilize Wikipedia footnotes

2.      “Clever Plagiarism”

a.       Cut a paragraph and paste it and change five to ten words, with or without source

b.      Copied à legit source, summarize everything in your own words or block quote it 

E.     Grammar for Writing (Review Grammar workbook pages 9-47)

Chapter 1:  (Review from 7^th grade.)

1.      The Writing Process

2.      Prewriting

3.      Drafting

4.      Revising

5.      Editing & proofreading

6.      MLA format

7.      Publishing

Chapter 2: Effective Sentences/Word Choice

1.      Identifying corrections

2.      Identifying & fixing sentence fragments

3.      Identifying & fixing run-on sentences

4.      Adding details and precise words

5.      Revising clichés

6.      Using parallel structure to combine sentences

      Chapter 5: Writing an Essay

1.      Parts of an Essay

2.      Thesis Statements

3.      Introductions

4.      Body Paragraphs

5.      Conclusions

     Parts of Speech:

1.      Adjective

2.      Adverb

3.      Noun

4.      Pronoun

5.      Verb

     Chapter 7: Nouns and Pronouns

1.      Nouns

2.      Plural and Possessive nouns

3.      Pronouns

4.      Subject and object pronouns

5.      Pronoun agreement

6.      Clear pronoun referencing

II.                Alice In Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

A.    About The Author

1.      Pseudonym: a “pen” name, fake name, alias

2.      Real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832 – 1898)

3.      Wrote under influence of opium (opiate drug – cases dreamlike/ nightmares)

B.     Plot, Settings, Characters, Themes, Climax, Resolution

1.      Three bad choices that Alice made:

a.       Jumping down the unfathomable rabbit hole

b.      Drinking the unknown substance

c.       Eating the unknown substance

2.      Three examples when Alice uses her proper manners:

a.       Page 51 – when talking to the garden cards: “would you tell me, please, why are you painting those roses?”

b.      Page 53 – when first meeting the Queen of Hearts

c.       Page 79 – after treading over the jury in the court case she apologizes

3.      Character of the Caterpillar (Who, Why, How, Where, What)

a.       Smokes hookah

b.      Watery daze

c.       Dreaming

d.      Sits on a mushroom

e.       Asks Alice the iconic questions of the book (page 28); who are you?

f.       Explains that she will mature into adulthood

g.      He says not to listen to others  about who you are

4.      What characters or places represent a dream and a nightmare?

a.       Wonderland is mad

b.      Dreamlike – floating down the rabbit hole, shrinking, talking creatures, etc.

c.       Nightmare – being attacked by pack of cards during the trial, then waking up

5.      What does the “White Rabbit” represent?

a.       Anxiety

b.      Worry

6.      What does Alice learn about risk taking?

Alice learns that there are consequences to taking risks. They can be either positive or negative. A positive consequence would be learning who she is while a negative consequence would be being immersed in this long nightmare.

7.      What does Alice learn about manners and proper etiquette?

She learns that being mannerly and making a good first impression is crucial when meeting new people. She learns that there are consequences for not showing manners such as being attacked by a pack of cards at the end of the trial.

8.      How does Alice mature as a person?

She matures by going from an arrogant person to defending the Knave of Hearts at the trial where he is accused of stealing the Queens tarts. This also shows growth and change as a person.

9.      How does Alice differ as a person from the beginning to the end of the book?

Alice differs from the beginning to the end of the book by changing from a judgmental and rude figure to a brave and conscious person. She doesn’t care just about herself at the trial but defends the Knave.

10.  Who or what influences Alice the most in her journey in Wonderland?

Alice’s curiosity influences Alice the most in her journey. The thrill of seeking adventure also influences. Alice is under the influence of many unknown substances she tries throughout the book so she is in different states of mind throughout the book.

III.             Chasing Lincoln’s Killer

1.      Define the following Major Participants:

Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Robert & Tad Lincoln, Major Henry Rathbone, Clara Harris, Edwin Stanton, William Seward, Dr. Leale, Dr. Mudd, John Wilkes Booth, Devid Herold, Lewis Powell, George Atzerdolt, Mary Surratt, John Surratt, Thomas Jones, Captain Cox, Boston Corbett.

2.      The Lincoln Assassination Timeline

3.      The Seward Assassination Attempt Timeline

4.      The Booth/Accomplice Escape and Capture Timeline

5.      Label Following Major parts of Map (back of book): Washington DC, Ford’s Theater, Navy Yard Bridge, Mudd Farm, Potomac River, Garrett Farm.

Etymology Latin Roots and Vocabulary: 

Phrase: (Latin)	English
E pluribus unum.	One from many.
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.	All Gaul (France) is divided into three parts. –Julius Cæsar
Omne corpus mutabile est.	Every object is subject to change. -Cicero
Humani nihil a me alienum puto.	Nothing human is alien to me. -Terence
Esse quam videri.	To be, not to appear.
Carpe diem.	Seize the day.
Roots: (Latin)	English
Monos	one
Unus	one
Duo	two
Duplex	twofold
Bi	two
Tri	three
Tres	three
Quartus	fourth
Quatuor	four
Decem	ten
Centum	hundred
Pan	all
Omnis	all
Holos	whole
Totus	whole
Claudo/clausere/clause/clausum	to close
Incipio/incipere/incepi/inceptum	to begin
Nihil	nothing
Nego/negare/negavi/negatum	to deny
Vanus/vacuus	empty
Aperio/aperire/aperui/apertum	to open
Vocabulary Word	Definition
Monologue (n.)	Long speech made by one performer.
Monarch (n.)	King, queen or ruler.
Monogram (n.)	Symbol/design composed of letters.
Monopoly (n.)	Exclusive control of trade of an item.
Monolith (n.) or Monolithic (adj.)	1.      A large block of stone 2.      A large organization
Unanimous (adj.)	Complete agreement.
Unilateral (adj.)	One-sided decision.
Duplex (n.)	A dwelling with two living units.
Duplicate (v.)	To make an exact copy.
Bilateral(adj.)	1.      Having two sides. 2.      Made between 2-people or groups.
Bipartisan (adj.)	Involving two political parties.
Bisect (v.)	To divide into two equal parts.
Trilogy (n.)	Three literary or musically related works.
Trisect (v.)	To divide in three parts.
Triumvirate (n.)	Three people in Authority. Ex. Marc Anthony, Caesar and Lepidus.
Quadrant	A quarter of a circle.
Quartet (n.)	Four musicians.
Quatrain (n.)	A stanza of four lines of poetry.
Decimate (v.)	1.      To destroy a large part of. 2.      To kill one in every ten.
Decathlon (n.)	Athletic contest with ten sports.
Bicentennial (n.)	A two-hundredth anniversary.
Centenary (adj.)	A 100-year period.
Centigrade (adj.)	Scale of 100° where 0°= freezing, and 100°=boiling.
Pandemonium (n.)	Uproar.
Panacea (n.)	A “cure-all” (ultimate cure) for something.
Omnipotent (adj.)	Having unlimited power.
Omnipresent (adj.)	Present everywhere.
Omnivorous (adj.)	Feeding on plants & meat.
catholic (lowercase ‘c’) (adj.)	Universal
Catholic (uppercase ‘C’) (n)	Refers to the Roman Catholic church.
holocaust (lowercase ‘h’) (n)	Great destruction, by fire.
Holocaust (uppercase ‘H’) (n)	Time period (WWII) where Nazi’s exterminated 6M people.
Totalitarian (government) (adj.)	One person/party holds all control.
Cloister (v)	To seclude yourself away.
Preclude (v)	To prevent, make impossible.
Recluse (n.)	Anti-social, avoids people.
Inception (n.)	The beginning of something.
Incipient (adj.)	In the early stages, beginning.
Annihilate (v.)	To destroy completely.
Nihilism (n.)	Total rejection of religious or moral beliefs.
Negate (v)	To disprove or nullify.
Renegade (n)	Outlaw, deserter.
Vacuous (adj.)	Empty of meaning or purpose.
Vanity (n.)	Conceit.
Vaunt (v)	To brag or boast.
Aperture (n.)	An opening that admits light.
Overt (adj.)	Shown openly.
Covert (adj.)	Closed, secret.