Fall 2016: 7th Grade Midterm Study Guide
I.
Greek Mythology
A.
Major Greek Gods and
Goddesses (eat Ambrosia, drink nectar. Blood= Ichor)
1.
Gaea – the earth
2.
Uranus – the sky
3.
Titans:
· One glowing eyed
child
· Lightning
· Thunder
· Thunderbolt
· Tartarus (deepest
layer of Hades {Hell} in the Underworld)
4.
Cronus
·
Lord
of universe
· Kills father Uranus
with sickle
· Assumes power
· Eats own children to
maintain power
· Wife was Rhea
(Titaness)
· She send child Zeus
to island of Crete and gives rock to husband to eat, not child
5.
Zeus
· Wears aegis which is impenetrable armor made
of magic goat skin
· Overthrows Cronus and
releases sibling
· King of gods
· Controls master
lightning bolt
· Marries Hera
· Children: Hephaestus,
Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysus, Ares, etc
· Ruler of Mt. Olympus
6.
Poseidon
· God of sea
· Wife is Amphitrite
· Carries trident
·
Nereus
was old ruler of sea
7.
Hera
· Queen of Olympus
· Zeus won her
· Turned one of Zeus’s
wives into a cow named IO
· Servant was Argus,
memorialized 100-eyes on peacock
8.
Argus
· Zeus asked Hermes to
free IO
· Hermes closed half of
Argus’s eyes
· Literally bored him
to sleep
· Rest of eyes sleepy
for all eternity
· His eyes were put on
peacocks for remembrance
9.
Demeter
· Sister of Zeus
· Goddess of Harvest
and seasons
· Daughter is
Persephone
10.
Hades
· Cloak of invisibility
· Lord of Dead
· Brother of Zeus
· Kidnaps Persephone
· “Rich One” and “Hospitable
One” were nicknames
· River Styx flowed
through Underworld
· Had to pay to be
guided to entrance of Hades
· Cerberus was three
headed watchdog of gate
· Charon = boat captain
to Hades
· Heroes were sent to
Elysian Fields
11.
Hestia
· Sister of Zeus
· Goddess of Hearth on
Olympus
· No throne
12.
Athena
· Goddess of Wisdom and
Battle Strategy
· Born from Zeus’s head
· Hephaestus opened
head after complaining of headache
·
Companion
was Nike, the Spirit of Victory
· Chiseled armor inside
head
· Cursed Arachne
because Arachne thought she was better than Athena at weaving (arachnophobia=
fear of spiders)
· Her work also
offended Athena in looming competition
· City named Athens
13.
Apollo
· Brother of Artemis
· God of Sun, Music, Light,
Reason
· Gets lyre (see photo
right) from Hermes
· He and Helios control
sun chariot
14.
Artemis
· Twin sister to Apollo
· Goddess of Hunt
· Zeus allowed her
never to marry
· Actaeon saw her and
Nymphs bathing
· This was not allowed
· He was changed into a
stag
15.
Ares
· God of War
· Son of Zeus
· Loves Aphrodite
· “cry baby”
· Eris was companion
· Could not bear pain
16.
Hephaestus
· God of Smiths,
Forges, Fire
· Son of Zeus
· Creates Aegis
· Wife is Aphrodite
· Created first robots
to support weak legs
· Zeus flung him out of
Olympus, eventually returned
· Made twelve golden
thrones on Olympus
· Cyclopes as
assistants
· Made chariots,
weapons, jewels
17.
Aphrodite
· Goddess of Love
· Loves Ares
· Came from sea
· No mother or father
· Rather have Ares as
husband
· Son was Eros
18.
Persephone
· Kidnapped wife of Hades
· Queen of Underworld
· Daughter of Demeter
· Ground split and
Hades took her
· She ate three seeds
from pomegranate tree therefore she had to spend three months in Underworld
· Nothing grew on
earth, season became known as winter
19.
Dionysus
· Son of Zeus
· God of Wine
· Accepts Hestia’s seat
on Olympus
·
Traveled
from island to island teaching wine making
20.
Hermes
· Son of Zeus, wears
winged shoes
· God of Thieves,
Merchants, Travelers
· Stole Apollo’s cows
as infant
· Mother Maia lived in
Mt. Cyllene
· Invented first lyre
21.
Orion
· Constellation of
stars (photo left)
· Hunter
· Walk on water
· King of Chios Island
would grant him daughter if he rid island of beasts
· King blinded him but
vision was restored by sun
· Hunted with Artemis
on Crete
· Apollo sent scorpion
to kill him
· Hung image in sky
B.
Minor Greek Gods and
Goddesses
· Lived on Olympus
· Prometheus and
brother Epimetheus were given task of repopulating earth by Zeus
· Men and beasts were
made of river clay
· Prometheus modeled
man while Epimetheus modeled beasts
1.
Prometheus
· Stole fire from hearth
· Gods and goddesses
enjoyed burnt offering by man
· He taught man how to
trick gods
· He was chained to top
of Caucasus Mountains
· Eagle eats liver but
it keeps growing
2.
Pandora
· Zeus sent her to
earth
· Modeled by Hephaestus
with consent of Athena
· Opens famous box,
releases miseries onto world, then hope.
3.
Eos
· Mother of our winds
· Wanted to marry
mortal prince named Tithonus
· Turned to grasshopper
4.
Helios
· To sun
· Only gods could look
at him and not be blinded
· Phaethon was son
· Wanted to control
chariot
· Dropped the reins
· Zeus shot him with
thunderbolt into river Po
· Tuned into Poplar
tree
· Hephaestus fixed
chariot
5.
Selene
· Moon
6.
Pan
· God of Nature
· Ugly
· Father was Hermes
7.
Echo
· Never kept quiet
· Only repeat words of
others
8.
Narcissus
· Loved himself
· Died of starvation
after starring at river reflection for too long
9.
Nine Muses
· Daughters of Zeus
· Mother was Goddess of
Memory
· Each muse had special
talent
10.
Orpheus
· Wife to be Eurydice
was killed by snake on wedding day
· Went to Hades to
retrieve her
· Could not look at her
until arrival back on earth
· Failed at this after
doubting she was there could not take her
11.
Danaus, Perseus, The Gorgons
· Saves Andromeda
· Perseus slays Medusa
who turned people to stone at sight of snake head
12.
Heracles
· Mother was princess
Alcmena
· Father was Zeus
· Strong
· Slave of cousin
Eurysheus for killing children
· many tasks for him,
performed twelve labors
· became slave for
Queen Omphale of Lydia for swatting man
· married Deianira
· Kills:
Ø Hydra
Ø Nemean Lion
Ø Music teacher
Ø Crab
Ø Mares
Ø Cerberus (captured)
Ø Children
Ø Antaeus
Ø Boar
Ø Metal feathered birds
Ø Serpents
Ø Fire breathing cows
Ø Wolves
13.
Oedipus
· Son of King Laius of
Thebes
· Destined to kill
father and marry mother
· Solved riddle of
Sphinx to enter city of Thebes
14.
Jason and the Golden Fleece
· Hera disguises
herself as crone needing assistance crossing river
· Fleece will gain a
throne
C.
The Apples of Love and Discord
· Atalanta did not want
to be married
· Only marry if beaten
in race
· Aphrodite gives three
golden apples to Melanion
· Beats Atalanta in
race
· Eris throws apple
into wedding crowd
· Thetis was bride
· Hermes agrees to give
apple to most beautiful women
· Aphrodite gets apple
· Paris, prince of Troy
wants to marry Helen who was Queen of Sparta’s
· Greeks and Trojans
fought over Helen
· Apollo and Paris
strike Achilles who is ninety nine percent immortal except for heel
· He is shot by
Heracles poison arrows
· Troy was destroyed
· Helen takes control of
Spartans
· Paris is remembered
as coward
D.
Greek and Latin Planet Names
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Latin
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Greek
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Mercury
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Hermes
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Venus
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Aphrodite
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Earth
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Gaia
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Mars
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Ares
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Jupiter
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Zeus
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Saturn
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Cronus
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Neptune
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Poseidon
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Uranus
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Uranus
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Pluto
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Hades
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II.
Crispin – Avi
Plot:
The
year is 1377. Crispin is living in a village under the rule of Lord Furnival.
The village is currently being controlled by Furnival’s steward John Aycliffe.
When his mother dies, she leaves for him a lead cross with an engraving. He
cannot read. Aycliffe accuses him of stealing money from the Furnival mansion. After
denying the accusations, he becomes a wolves head or an outcast. He is forced
to flee the village. While wandering the open roads, he comes across an abandoned
village wiped out by the plague. There, he finds a jester named Bear. His real
name is Orson Hrothgar. He becomes Bears loyal servant under an oath. Bear teaches
Crispin a serious of skilled necessary to a juggler including playing an
instrument. Crispin becomes his apprentice. Their destination was the city of
Great Wexley. However, getting there is a challenge. They spot Aycliffe a
number of times and are forced to travel by night and hide out during day.
They
arrive to Great Wexley and learn that Lord Furnival was wounded in battle and
died. They hide out at the inn of Widow
Daventry, a friend of Bears. Crispin discovers that Bear is part of a secret
group who is committing treason.
Bear is captured and imprisoned at the
Furnival mansion in Great Wexley. After sneaking into the mansion, he holds
Aycliffe hostage until he releases bear, who his wounded from torture. Aycliffe
is killed right before their great escape from the City. His lead cross said
that he was the son of Lord Furnival.
Characters:
1.
Father Quinnel – village priest
2.
John Aycliffe – steward of manor
3.
Crispin – main character
4.
Roger Kingsworth – bailiff
5.
Lord Furnival
6.
Bear – main character
7.
Widow Daventry – Daventry Inn and Tavern
8.
John Ball – lead traitor brotherhood Bear was a member of
secretive rebel group.
9.
Goodwife Peregrine—gives Crispin help/food before he leaves
Stromford
Setting:
1.
Stromford Village
2.
Great Wexley
3.
Countryside of England
Themes:
1.
Crispin being hunted
2.
Bear attending secret meetings
3.
Both of them hiding out
4.
Entering cities by performing and playing
5.
Being chased by Aycliffe and men
Climax:
I believe the climax
in this book is when Crispin runs away from Stromford. The resolution is when Aycliffe
falls back into dozens of swords which stabs his back. This is what kills him. Bear
and Crispin are then free. Vocabulary:
Be able to define the following terms from your notebooks.
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Additional Vocabulary:
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Definition:
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1.
Constellation
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2.
Trident:
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3.
Arachnophobia:
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4.
Narcissism:
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5.
Discord:
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6.
Achilles tendon:
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7.
Hades (place):
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8.
Olympus (place):
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9.
Troy (place):
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10.
Sparta (place):
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11.
Climax:
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12.
Theme:
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13.
Plot:
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14.
Characters:
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15.
Setting:
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16.
Protagonist:
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17.
Antagonist:
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18.
Round character:
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19.
Flat character:
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20.
Mood:
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21.
Conflict:
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22.
Resolution:
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2016 Grammar Workbook
Study Review pages: See below.
Terms to know: Parts
of Speech, Singular and Plural words, and the following list:
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Verb
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An action word
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Ex. To be, to go, to fly, to run.
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Noun
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A person, place, thing or idea
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Ex. Earth, U.S.A, pencil, apple.
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Adverb
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Tells how something is done
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Ex. Quickly, suddenly, quietly.
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Adjective
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Is a describing word
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Ex. Blue, exciting, soft.
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Preposition
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Describes the location of something
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Ex. Near, far, close, on.
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Conjunction
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Connects two clauses (parts) of sentence
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Ex. And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
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Interjection
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A word used to express emotion
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Ex. Sorry! Wow! Oh!
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Plural
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More than one
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Ex. Wolves, herd, horses.
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Singular
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Just one
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Ex. Horse, wolf, goat.
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Review Grammar
workbook pages:
Chapter 1: The Writing Process
· Prewriting (p. 9)
· Drafting (p. 12)
· Revising (p. 14)
· Editing/Proofreading
(p. 17)
Chapter 7: NOUNS
& PRONOUNS
· Types of nouns
· Plural and possessive
nouns
· Pronouns
· Subject pronouns
& Object pronouns
· Pronoun agreement
· Clear pronoun
reference
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Latin Phrase
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Definition
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E pluribus unum
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One from many. (USA motto.)
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Gallia est omnis divisa in
partes tres.
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Gaul (France) is divided into 3-equal parts.
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Omne corpus mutabile est.
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Every object is subject to change.
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Humani nihil a me alienum puto.
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I think nothing human is alien to me.
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Satis eloquentiae, sapientiae
parum.
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Enough eloquence, too little wisdom.
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Magna est veritas et praevalet.
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The truth is great and will prevail.
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Greek/Latin Roots
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MONOS
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one
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UNUS
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One
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DUO
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Two
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DUPLEX
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Twofold
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BI
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Two
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TRI
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Three
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TRES
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Three
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QUARTUS
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Fourth
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QUARTOR
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Four
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DECEM
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Ten
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CENTUM
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Hundred
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PAN
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All
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OMNIS
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All
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HOLOS
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Whole
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TOTUS
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Whole
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CLAUDO/CLAUDERE/CLAUSI/CLAUSUM
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To close
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INCIPIO/INCIPERE/INCEPI/INCEPTUM
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To begin
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NIHIL
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Nothing
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NEGO/NEGERE/NEGAVI/NEGATUM
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To deny
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VANUS
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Empty
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VACUUS
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Empty
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APERIO/APERIRE/APERUI/APERTUM
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To open
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MIKROS
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Small
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MINUO/MINUERE/MINUI/MINUTUM
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To lessen
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MINUS
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Less
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TENUO/TENUARE/TENUAVI/TENUATUM
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To make thin
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TENUIS
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Thin
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SATIS
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Enough
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IMPLEO/IMPLERE/IMPLEVI/IMPLETUM
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To fill
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PLENUS
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Full
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COPIA
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Plenty
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MAKROS
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Large
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MAGNUS
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Great
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MEGAS
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Great
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POLY
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Many
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VOCABULARY
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Monologue
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A long speech made by one performer
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Monarch
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(1) butterfly; (2) a ruler
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Monogram
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A design composed of letters
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Monopoly
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Complete control of anything (like a trade, item, or service)
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Monolith
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(1) A large block of stone; (2) a large organization
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Unanimous
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Being in complete agreement
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Unilateral
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One-sided, affecting one person/group/country
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Duplex
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A dwelling with two living units
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Duplicate
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To make an identical copy of something
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Bilateral
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(1) Having 2-sides; (2) made between 2-persons or groups
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Bipartisan
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Involving two political parties
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Bisect
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To divide into 2-equal parts
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Trilogy
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3-literary or musical works that have a related theme
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Trisect
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To divide into 3-parts
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Triumvirate
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A group of three people in authority
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Quadrant
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(1) A quarter of a circle (90 degrees)
(2) a quarter of a square
(3) a machine that measures altitudes
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Quartet
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A set of four musicians
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Quatrain
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A stanza with four lines of poetry
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Decimate
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(1) to destroy a large part of
(2) to kill 1 in every 10
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Decathlon
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A contest of 10 (Olympic) sporting events
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Bicentennial
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200th anniversary
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Centenary
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Pertaining to a 100-year period or a centennial
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Centigrade
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A scale where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
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Pandemonium
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Uproar
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Panacea
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A cure-all for diseases or troubles (a cure)
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Omnipotent
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All-powerful, having unlimited power
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Omnipresent
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Present everywhere
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Omnivorous
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Feeding on both plants and meat
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catholic (lower case)
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Universal
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Catholic (uppercase)
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Referring to the Roman Catholic church
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holocaust (lowercase)
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A great destruction by fire
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Holocaust (uppercase)
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The murder of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during
WWII
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Totalitarian
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The form of government where one person or government holds absolute
control
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Cloister
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(1) a covered walk through a courtyard; (2) a monastery or secluded
place; (3) to seclude
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Preclude
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To prevent or make impossible
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Recluse
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A person who avoids people
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Inception
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The beginning of something
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Incipient
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In the early stages or beginning
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Annihilate
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To destroy completely
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Nihilism
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The total rejection of religious or moral beliefs
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Negate
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To disprove or nullify, to make invalid, to cancel
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Renegade
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One who deserts a group/cause/faith, etc…
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Vacuous
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Empty of meaning or purpose
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Vanity
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(1) Conceit, (especially about one’s appearance) (2) something worthless/useless,
(3) a dressing table
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Vaunt
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To boast or brag
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Aperture
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An opening that admits light
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Overt
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Done or shown openly
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Covert
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Done secretly or closed
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Microbe
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An organism invisible to the naked eye
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Microcosm
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A miniature world, small scale
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Macrocosm
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A large world, grand scale; the universe
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Miniscule
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Extremely small
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Minutia
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A small or trivial detail
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Attenuate
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To make slender or small, to weaken
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Tenuous
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Thin in form
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Satiate
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To satisfy an appetite fully
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Comply
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To do as one is asked or ordered
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Implement
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A tool or utensil, to carry out/put into effect
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Replete
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Well-stocked or supplied
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Expletive
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An exclamation or oath, often obscene
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Copius
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Plentiful, in large amounts
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Magnanimous
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Noble and generous
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Magnate
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A wealthy or influential person
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Magnitude
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Greatness of importance or size
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Megalomania
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A form of mental illness where a person has exaggerated ideas of
his/her own importance
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Polygamy
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Having more than one spouse
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Polygon
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A flat shape with many sides
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