7th Grade Midterm Study Guide: 2016

Fall 2016: 7^th Grade  Midterm Study Guide

I.               Greek Mythology

A.   Major Greek Gods and Goddesses (eat Ambrosia, drink nectar. Blood= Ichor)

1.     Gaea – the earth

2.     Uranus – the sky

3.     Titans:

·      One glowing eyed child

·      Lightning

·      Thunder

·      Thunderbolt

·      Tartarus (deepest layer of Hades {Hell} in the Underworld)

4.     Cronus

·      Lord of universe

·      Kills father Uranus with sickle

·      Assumes power

·      Eats own children to maintain power

·      Wife was Rhea (Titaness)

·      She send child Zeus to island of Crete and gives rock to husband to eat, not child

5.     Zeus

·      Wears aegis which is impenetrable armor made of magic goat skin

·      Overthrows Cronus and releases sibling

·      King of gods

·      Controls master lightning bolt

·      Marries Hera

·      Children: Hephaestus, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysus, Ares, etc

·      Ruler of Mt. Olympus

6.     Poseidon

·      God of sea

·      Wife is Amphitrite

·      Carries trident

·      Nereus was old ruler of sea

7.     Hera

·      Queen of Olympus

·      Zeus won her

·      Turned one of Zeus’s wives into a cow named IO

·      Servant was Argus, memorialized 100-eyes on peacock

8.     Argus

·      Zeus asked Hermes to free IO

·      Hermes closed half of Argus’s eyes

·      Literally bored him to sleep

·      Rest of eyes sleepy for all eternity

·      His eyes were put on peacocks for remembrance

9.     Demeter

·      Sister of Zeus

·      Goddess of Harvest and seasons

·      Daughter is Persephone

10.  Hades

·      Cloak of invisibility

·      Lord of Dead

·      Brother of Zeus

·      Kidnaps Persephone

·      “Rich One” and “Hospitable One” were nicknames

·      River Styx flowed through Underworld

·      Had to pay to be guided to entrance of Hades

·      Cerberus was three headed watchdog of gate

·      Charon = boat captain to Hades

·      Heroes were sent to Elysian Fields

11.  Hestia

·      Sister of Zeus

·      Goddess of Hearth on Olympus

·      No throne

12.  Athena

·      Goddess of Wisdom and Battle Strategy

·      Born from Zeus’s head

·      Hephaestus opened head after complaining of headache

·      Companion was Nike, the Spirit of Victory

·      Chiseled armor inside head

·      Cursed Arachne because Arachne thought she was better than Athena at weaving (arachnophobia= fear of spiders)

·      Her work also offended Athena in looming competition

·      City named Athens

13.  Apollo

·      Brother of Artemis

·      God of Sun, Music, Light, Reason

·      Gets lyre (see photo right) from Hermes 

·      He and Helios control sun chariot

14.  Artemis

·      Twin sister to Apollo

·      Goddess of Hunt

·      Zeus allowed her never to marry

·      Actaeon saw her and Nymphs bathing

·      This was not allowed

·      He was changed into a stag

15.  Ares

·      God of War

·      Son of Zeus

·      Loves Aphrodite

·      “cry baby”

·      Eris was companion

·      Could not bear pain

16.  Hephaestus

·      God of Smiths, Forges, Fire

·      Son of Zeus

·      Creates Aegis

·      Wife is Aphrodite

·      Created first robots to support weak legs

·      Zeus flung him out of Olympus, eventually returned

·      Made twelve golden thrones on Olympus

·      Cyclopes as assistants

·      Made chariots, weapons, jewels

17.  Aphrodite

·      Goddess of Love

·      Loves Ares

·      Came from sea

·      No mother or father

·      Rather have Ares as husband

·      Son was Eros

18.  Persephone

·      Kidnapped wife of Hades

·      Queen of Underworld

·      Daughter of Demeter

·      Ground split and Hades took her

·      She ate three seeds from pomegranate tree therefore she had to spend three months in Underworld

·      Nothing grew on earth, season became known as winter

19.  Dionysus

·      Son of Zeus

·      God of Wine

·      Accepts Hestia’s seat on Olympus

·      Traveled from island to island teaching wine making

20.  Hermes

·      Son of Zeus, wears winged shoes

·      God of Thieves, Merchants, Travelers

·      Stole Apollo’s cows as infant

·      Mother Maia lived in Mt. Cyllene

·      Invented first lyre

21.  Orion

·      Constellation of stars (photo left)

·      Hunter

·      Walk on water

·      King of Chios Island would grant him daughter if he rid island of beasts

·      King blinded him but vision was restored by sun

·      Hunted with Artemis on Crete

·      Apollo sent scorpion to kill him

·      Hung image in sky

B.    Minor Greek Gods and Goddesses

·      Lived on Olympus

·      Prometheus and brother Epimetheus were given task of repopulating earth by Zeus

·      Men and beasts were made of river clay

·      Prometheus modeled man while Epimetheus modeled beasts

1.     Prometheus

·      Stole fire from hearth

·      Gods and goddesses enjoyed burnt offering by man

·      He taught man how to trick gods

·      He was chained to top of Caucasus Mountains

·      Eagle eats liver but it keeps growing

2.     Pandora

·      Zeus sent her to earth

·      Modeled by Hephaestus with consent of Athena

·      Opens famous box, releases miseries onto world, then hope.

3.     Eos

·      Mother of our winds

·      Wanted to marry mortal prince named Tithonus

·      Turned to grasshopper

4.     Helios

·      To sun

·      Only gods could look at him and not be blinded

·      Phaethon was son

·      Wanted to control chariot

·      Dropped the reins

·      Zeus shot him with thunderbolt into river Po

·      Tuned into Poplar tree

·      Hephaestus fixed chariot

5.     Selene

·      Moon

6.     Pan

·      God of Nature

·      Ugly

·      Father was Hermes

7.     Echo

·      Never kept quiet

·      Only repeat words of others

8.     Narcissus

·      Loved himself

·      Died of starvation after starring at river reflection for too long

9.     Nine Muses

·      Daughters of Zeus

·      Mother was Goddess of Memory

·      Each muse had special talent

10.  Orpheus

·      Wife to be Eurydice was killed by snake on wedding day

·      Went to Hades to retrieve her

·      Could not look at her until arrival back on earth

·      Failed at this after doubting she was there could not take her

11.  Danaus, Perseus, The Gorgons

·      Saves Andromeda

·      Perseus slays Medusa who turned people to stone at sight of snake head

12.  Heracles

·      Mother was princess Alcmena

·      Father was Zeus

·      Strong

·      Slave of cousin Eurysheus for killing children

·      many tasks for him, performed twelve labors

·      became slave for Queen Omphale of Lydia for swatting man

·      married Deianira

·      Kills:

Ø  Hydra

Ø  Nemean Lion

Ø  Music teacher

Ø  Crab

Ø  Mares

Ø  Cerberus (captured)

Ø  Children

Ø  Antaeus

Ø  Boar

Ø  Metal feathered birds

Ø  Serpents

Ø  Fire breathing cows

Ø  Wolves

13.  Oedipus

·      Son of King Laius of Thebes

·      Destined to kill father and marry mother

·      Solved riddle of Sphinx to enter city of Thebes

14.  Jason and the Golden Fleece

·      Hera disguises herself as crone needing assistance crossing river

·      Fleece will gain a throne

C.    The Apples of Love and Discord

·      Atalanta did not want to be married

·      Only marry if beaten in race

·      Aphrodite gives three golden apples to Melanion

·      Beats Atalanta in race

·      Eris throws apple into wedding crowd

·      Thetis was bride

·      Hermes agrees to give apple to most beautiful women

·      Aphrodite gets apple

·      Paris, prince of Troy wants to marry Helen who was Queen of Sparta’s

·      Greeks and Trojans fought over Helen

·      Apollo and Paris strike Achilles who is ninety nine percent immortal except for heel

·      He is shot by Heracles poison arrows

·      Troy was destroyed

·      Helen takes control of Spartans

·      Paris is remembered as coward

D.   Greek and Latin Planet Names

Latin	Greek
Mercury	Hermes
Venus	Aphrodite
Earth	Gaia
Mars	Ares
Jupiter	Zeus
Saturn	Cronus
Neptune	Poseidon
Uranus	Uranus
Pluto	Hades

II.             Crispin – Avi

Plot:

        The year is 1377. Crispin is living in a village under the rule of Lord Furnival. The village is currently being controlled by Furnival’s steward John Aycliffe. When his mother dies, she leaves for him a lead cross with an engraving. He cannot read. Aycliffe accuses him of stealing money from the Furnival mansion. After denying the accusations, he becomes a wolves head or an outcast. He is forced to flee the village. While wandering the open roads, he comes across an abandoned village wiped out by the plague. There, he finds a jester named Bear. His real name is Orson Hrothgar. He becomes Bears loyal servant under an oath. Bear teaches Crispin a serious of skilled necessary to a juggler including playing an instrument. Crispin becomes his apprentice. Their destination was the city of Great Wexley. However, getting there is a challenge. They spot Aycliffe a number of times and are forced to travel by night and hide out during day.

        They arrive to Great Wexley and learn that Lord Furnival was wounded in battle and died.  They hide out at the inn of Widow Daventry, a friend of Bears. Crispin discovers that Bear is part of a secret group who is committing treason.

Bear is captured and imprisoned at the Furnival mansion in Great Wexley. After sneaking into the mansion, he holds Aycliffe hostage until he releases bear, who his wounded from torture. Aycliffe is killed right before their great escape from the City. His lead cross said that he was the son of Lord Furnival.

Characters:

1.     Father Quinnel – village priest

2.     John Aycliffe – steward of manor

3.     Crispin – main character

4.     Roger Kingsworth – bailiff

5.     Lord Furnival

6.     Bear – main character

7.     Widow Daventry – Daventry Inn and Tavern

8.     John Ball – lead traitor brotherhood Bear was a member of secretive rebel group.

9.     Goodwife Peregrine—gives Crispin help/food before he leaves Stromford

Setting:

1.     Stromford Village

2.     Great Wexley

3.     Countryside of England

Themes:

1.     Crispin being hunted

2.     Bear attending secret meetings

3.     Both of them hiding out

4.     Entering cities by performing and playing

5.     Being chased by Aycliffe and men

Climax:

I believe the climax in this book is when Crispin runs away from Stromford. The resolution is when Aycliffe falls back into dozens of swords which stabs his back. This is what kills him. Bear and Crispin are then free. Vocabulary: Be able to define the following terms from your notebooks.

Additional Vocabulary:	Definition:
1.     Constellation
2.     Trident:
3.     Arachnophobia:
4.     Narcissism:
5.     Discord:
6.     Achilles tendon:
7.     Hades (place):
8.     Olympus (place):
9.     Troy (place):
10.  Sparta (place):
11.  Climax:
12.  Theme:
13.  Plot:
14.  Characters:
15.  Setting:
16.  Protagonist:
17.  Antagonist:
18.  Round character:
19.  Flat character:
20.  Mood:
21.   Conflict:
22.  Resolution:

2016 Grammar Workbook Study Review pages: See below.

Terms to know: Parts of Speech, Singular and Plural words, and the following list:

Verb	An action word	Ex. To be, to go, to fly, to run.
Noun	A person, place, thing or idea	Ex. Earth, U.S.A, pencil, apple.
Adverb	Tells how something is done	Ex. Quickly, suddenly, quietly.
Adjective	Is a describing word	Ex. Blue, exciting, soft.
Preposition	Describes the location of something	Ex. Near, far, close, on.
Conjunction	Connects two clauses (parts) of sentence	Ex. And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
Interjection	A word used to express emotion	Ex. Sorry! Wow! Oh!
Plural	More than one	Ex. Wolves, herd, horses.
Singular	Just one	Ex. Horse, wolf, goat.

Review Grammar workbook pages:

Chapter 1: The Writing Process

·      Prewriting (p. 9)

·      Drafting (p. 12)

·      Revising (p. 14)

·      Editing/Proofreading (p. 17)

Chapter 7: NOUNS & PRONOUNS

·      Types of nouns

·      Plural and possessive nouns

·      Pronouns

·      Subject pronouns & Object pronouns

·      Pronoun agreement

·      Clear pronoun reference

·       Latin Phrase	Definition
E pluribus unum	One from many. (USA motto.)
Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres.	Gaul (France) is divided into 3-equal parts.
Omne corpus mutabile est.	Every object is subject to change.
Humani nihil a me alienum puto.	I think nothing human is alien to me.
Satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum.	Enough eloquence, too little wisdom.
Magna est veritas et praevalet.	The truth is great and will prevail.
Greek/Latin Roots
MONOS	one
UNUS	One
DUO	Two
DUPLEX	Twofold
BI	Two
TRI	Three
TRES	Three
QUARTUS	Fourth
QUARTOR	Four
DECEM	Ten
CENTUM	Hundred
PAN	All
OMNIS	All
HOLOS	Whole
TOTUS	Whole
CLAUDO/CLAUDERE/CLAUSI/CLAUSUM	To close
INCIPIO/INCIPERE/INCEPI/INCEPTUM	To begin
NIHIL	Nothing
NEGO/NEGERE/NEGAVI/NEGATUM	To deny
VANUS	Empty
VACUUS	Empty
APERIO/APERIRE/APERUI/APERTUM	To open
MIKROS	Small
MINUO/MINUERE/MINUI/MINUTUM	To lessen
MINUS	Less
TENUO/TENUARE/TENUAVI/TENUATUM	To make thin
TENUIS	Thin
SATIS	Enough
IMPLEO/IMPLERE/IMPLEVI/IMPLETUM	To fill
PLENUS	Full
COPIA	Plenty
MAKROS	Large
MAGNUS	Great
MEGAS	Great
POLY	Many
VOCABULARY
Monologue	A long speech made by one performer
Monarch	(1) butterfly; (2) a ruler
Monogram	A design composed of letters
Monopoly	Complete control of anything (like a trade, item, or service)
Monolith	(1) A large block of stone; (2) a large organization
Unanimous	Being in complete agreement
Unilateral	One-sided, affecting one person/group/country
Duplex	A dwelling with two living units
Duplicate	To make an identical copy of something
Bilateral	(1) Having 2-sides; (2) made between 2-persons or groups
Bipartisan	Involving two political parties
Bisect	To divide into 2-equal parts
Trilogy	3-literary or musical works that have a related theme
Trisect	To divide into 3-parts
Triumvirate	A group of three people in authority
Quadrant	(1) A quarter of a circle (90 degrees) (2) a quarter of a square (3) a machine that measures altitudes
Quartet	A set of four musicians
Quatrain	A stanza with four lines of poetry
Decimate	(1) to destroy a large part of (2) to kill 1 in every 10
Decathlon	A contest of 10 (Olympic) sporting events
Bicentennial	200th anniversary
Centenary	Pertaining to a 100-year period or a centennial
Centigrade	A scale where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
Pandemonium	Uproar
Panacea	A cure-all for diseases or troubles (a cure)
Omnipotent	All-powerful, having unlimited power
Omnipresent	Present everywhere
Omnivorous	Feeding on both plants and meat
catholic (lower case)	Universal
Catholic (uppercase)	Referring to the Roman Catholic church
holocaust (lowercase)	A great destruction by fire
Holocaust (uppercase)	The murder of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during WWII
Totalitarian	The form of government where one person or government holds absolute control
Cloister	(1) a covered walk through a courtyard; (2) a monastery or secluded place; (3) to seclude
Preclude	To prevent or make impossible
Recluse	A person who avoids people
Inception	The beginning of something
Incipient	In the early stages or beginning
Annihilate	To destroy completely
Nihilism	The total rejection of religious or moral beliefs
Negate	To disprove or nullify, to make invalid, to cancel
Renegade	One who deserts a group/cause/faith, etc…
Vacuous	Empty of meaning or purpose
Vanity	(1) Conceit, (especially about one’s appearance) (2) something worthless/useless, (3) a dressing table
Vaunt	To boast or brag
Aperture	An opening that admits light
Overt	Done or shown openly
Covert	Done secretly or closed
Microbe	An organism invisible to the naked eye
Microcosm	A miniature world, small scale
Macrocosm	A large world, grand scale; the universe
Miniscule	Extremely small
Minutia	A small or trivial detail
Attenuate	To make slender or small, to weaken
Tenuous	Thin in form
Satiate	To satisfy an appetite fully
Comply	To do as one is asked or ordered
Implement	A tool or utensil, to carry out/put into effect
Replete	Well-stocked or supplied
Expletive	An exclamation or oath, often obscene
Copius	Plentiful, in large amounts
Magnanimous	Noble and generous
Magnate	A wealthy or influential person
Magnitude	Greatness of importance or size
Megalomania	A form of mental illness where a person has exaggerated ideas of his/her own importance
Polygamy	Having more than one spouse
Polygon	A flat shape with many sides